Study participant characteristics (N=186)
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 27 (6) |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Female | 115 (62) |
| Male | 71 (38) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| Caucasian | 98 (53) |
| Black/African-American | 32 (17) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 10 (5) |
| Asian | 46 (25) |
| BMI, kg/m2,* mean (SD) | 25 (5) |
| Waist circumference (cm),† mean (SD) | 83 (12) |
| Sleep quality score (PSQI),‡ mean (SD) | 4.8 (3.0) |
| CRP (mg/L), geometric mean (IQR) | 1.1 (2.0) |
| PAI-1 (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 43 (25) |
| TNFα (pg/mL), mean (SD) | 9.3 (2.8) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL), geometric mean (IQR) | 1.8 (1.6) |
| Adiponectin (ug/mL), geometric mean (IQR) | 8.8 (8.3) |
| HOMA, geometric mean (IQR) | 1.2 (0.7) |
| QUICKI, mean (SD) | 0.38 (0.03) |
| MFBF (mL/100 mL tissue/min), mean (SD) | 27 (9) |
| FBF increase (%), mean (SD) | 782 (311) |
| MFVR (mm Hg/mL/100 mL tissue/min), geometric mean (IQR) | 3.0 (1.3) |
| FVR decrease (%), geometric mean (IQR) | 86 (7) |
| HR 24 h (bpm), mean (SD) | 75 (10) |
| HR awake (bpm), mean (SD) | 77 (11) |
| HR asleep (bpm), mean (SD) | 64 (11) |
| HR office (bpm), mean (SD) | 69 (11) |
| HR 24 h variability (bpm), mean (SD) | 12 (4) |
| SBP 24 h (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 117 (9) |
| SBP awake (bpm), mean (SD) | 119 (9) |
| SBP asleep (bpm), mean (SD) | 105 (10) |
| SBP office (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 108 (10) |
| DBP 24 h (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 72 (6) |
| DBP awake (bpm), mean (SD) | 74 (6) |
| DBP asleep (bpm), mean (SD) | 60 (6) |
| DBP office (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 65 (8) |
| Prehypertensive (office or 24 h BP), n (%) | 44 (24) |
| White coat prehypertension (office only), n (%) | 18 (10) |
| Masked prehypertension (24 h only), n (%) | 18 (10) |
| 24 h SBP non-dipper, n (%) | 66 (35) |
*Data available for 175 participants.
†Data available for 171 participants.
‡Data available for 117 participants.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA, homoeostatic model assessment; HR, heart rate; IL-6, interleukin-6; MFBF, maximum forearm blood flow; MFVR, minimum forearm vascular resistance; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TNF, tomour necrosis factor.