Univariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors for death after heart failure
| Deaths due to heart failure | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive patients n (%) | Dead patients n (%) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Patients | 87 339 (91.3) | 8316 (8.7) | – | ||
| Age group, years | |||||
| <65 | 7755 (8.9) | 254 (3.1) | – | Ref | – |
| 65–74 | 12 774 (14.6) | 655 (7.9) | <0.0001 | 1.47 (1.27 to 1.70) | <0.0001 |
| ≥75 | 66 810 (76.5) | 7407 (89.1) | <0.0001 | 3.07 (2.70 to 3.49) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex | 44 343 (50.8) | 4300 (51.7) | 0.10 | – | – |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Anaemia | 23 449 (26.8) | 2887 (34.7) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (1.05 to 1.17) | <0.0001 |
| Cancer | 12 483 (14.3) | 1496 (18.0) | <0.0001 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.22) | <0.0001 |
| Liver failure | 4333 (5.0) | 692 (8.3) | <0.0001 | 1.68 (1.54 to 1.83) | <0.0001 |
| Lung disease | 22 935 (26.3) | 2688 (32.3) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.22) | <0.0001 |
| Neurological diseases | 7307 (8.4) | 1073 (12.9) | <0.0001 | 1.32 (1.23 to 1.42) | <0.0001 |
| Renal failure | 26 947 (30.9) | 3886 (46.7) | <0.0001 | 1.60 (1.52 to 1.68) | <0.0001 |
| Thyroid disease | 13 264 (15.2) | 1363 (16.4) | 0.03 | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.98) | 0.014 |
| Inflammatory disease | 8733 (10.0) | 1003 (12.1) | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Medical history | |||||
| Heart failure | 39 152 (44.8) | 4916 (59.1) | <0.0001 | 1.40 (1.33 to 1.47) | <0.0001 |
| Valvular disease/surgery | 23 447 (26.8) | 2575 (31.0) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.14) | 0.003 |
| Systemic embolism | 2920 (3.3) | 351 (4.2) | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Peripheral artery disease | 10 147 (11.6) | 1163 (14.0) | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Occlusion* | 4532 (5.2) | 493 (5.9) | <0.0001 | – | – |
| AF symptoms | 7090 (8.1) | 588 (7.1) | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Abnormal cardiac conduction | 19 619 (22.5) | 2248 (27.0) | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Intracranial haemorrhage† | 394 (0.6) | 50 (0.6) | 0.06 | – | – |
*Occlusion of precerebral artery or other arterial disorder.
†Not integrated in the multivariable regression because <5%.
AF, atrial fibrillation.