Table 2

Characteristics in the 86 patients in KaRen at 4–8 weeks visit

KaRen
All patients*
n=86
Diastolic dysfunction
n=45
No diastolic dysfunction
n=30
Parametern(%)n(%)n(%)p Value
Patient history
 Age; median (Q1;Q3)73(66;79)73(66;80)72(65;72)0.360
 Gender (male/female)42/44(49/51)19/26(42/58)16/14(53/47)0.358
 Hypertension68(79)37(82)25(83)1.000
 COPD14(16)8(18)5(17)1.000
 T2DM27(31)17(38)8(27)0.454
 Coronary heart disease29(34)19(42)8(27)0.222
 Atrial fibrillation49(57)24(53)19(63)0.477
 NYHA class I19(22)10(22)5(17)0.758
 NYHA class II47(55)27(60)18(60)
 NYHA class III20(23)8(18)7(23)
Measurements
 BMI (kg/m2)29(25;33)29(27;33)27(24;32)0.124
 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)140(90;210)145(130;150)148(125;155)0.944
 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)80(70;85)80(70;85)83(75;85)0.152
 Heart rate (bpm)70(60;80)69(60;78)72(63;84)0.210
Treatment 
 ARB28(33)17(38)7(23)0.216
 ACE-inhibitor42(49)21(47)16(53)0.641
 Thiazid diuretics14(16)7(16)5(17)1.000
 Potassium sparing diuretics18(21)12(27)4(13)0.250
 Loop diuretics63(73)34(76)23(77)1.000
 β-blocker69(80)38(84)21(70)0.159
 Anticoagulants47(55)21(47)20(67)0.103
 Pacemaker20(23)9(20)6(20)1.000
ECHO parameters 
 LVEF (%)64(58;68)63(60;68)64(58;66)0.847
 LAVI (mL/m2)43.3(37.2;52.8)41.7(38.2;50.8)44.7(37.0;55.0)0.565
 Left atrial volume (mL)86.5(75;104)84.084.088.5(74;106)0.726
 Left ventricular mass index (g/m2)115(95;142)115(95;142)123(92;144)1.000
  Male125(102;157)143(102;157)121(81;146)0.362
  Female109(94;136)102(95;133)138(92;144)0.379
 LVEDd (mm)47(43;53)47(43;53)47(42;54)0.948
 E/A ratio1.3(0.9;2.5)1.2(0.9;2.0)1.4(1.1;3.4)0.329
 E/e′ ratio10.8(8.3;14.0)13.6(10.0;18.2)7.9(7.1;9.6)<0.001
 E′ (cm/s)8.0(7.0;10.0)7.5(6.0;8.0)10.5(9.5:12)<0.001
 IVRT (diastole)94(77;113)102(79;119)86(72;102)0.036
 Mitral VTI23(16;30)26(22;31)17(13;24)<0.001
 E-wave deceleration time (ms)203(156;228)205(177;225)164(139;227)0.054
Biochemistry
 Copeptin (pmol/L)13.56(8.56;20.55)11.5(7.6;20.4)14.7(9.2;20.3)0.313
  Males13.93(8.43;20.43)13.7(7.6;28.3)13.6(8.8;20.0)0.831
  Females13.06(8.70;19.54)10.9(6.8;16.7)16.0(11.9;24.4)0.127
 NT-proBNP (ng/L)1000(469;2330)574(385;2330)1320(824;1830)0.194
 Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2)68(51;81)68(50;80)77(56;82)0.375
  • Continuous variables are presented as median and lower and upper quartiles (Q1;Q3) and categorical variables as numbers (n) and percentages when not otherwise stated.

  • *Eleven patients not categorised regarding diastolic dysfunction due to missing echo variables.

  • ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; Mitral VTI, mitral to aortic velocity-time integral ratio; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.