Population characteristics at inclusion (N=102)
| Variable | |
|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |
| Age, years | 51±14 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 74 (73) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28±5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 116±20 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71±12 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 75±16 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 18 (18) |
| NYHA class (I/II/III/IV) | 15/61/20/6 |
| Medical history | |
| Smokers, n (%) | 24 (24) |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 18 (18) |
| Diabetes mellitus prior to the development of heart failure, n (%) | 4 (4) |
| Duration of symptoms, months | 7 (3–16) |
| NYHA class at peak symptom severity (I/II/III/IV) | 4/15/25/58 |
| ECG | |
| QRS-duration, ms | 110 (99–134) |
| Left bundle branch block, n (%) | 21 (21) |
| Laboratory values | |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 14.4±1.5 |
| Creatinine, pmol/L | 86±21 |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 1332 (584–2903) |
| Echocardiography | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 26±10 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, cm | 7.1±0.8 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic internal volume, mL | 267 (216–328) |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 4.9±1.4 |
| Cardiac MRI (88 patients) | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 28±11 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic internal volume, mL | 273 (214–356) |
| Left ventricular myocardial volume, mL | 212±62 |
| Gadolinium late enhancement, n (%) | 29 (35) |
| Exercise testing (96 patients) | |
| Maximum work load, W | 133±56 |
| Peak heart rate, bpm | 151±25 |
| Peak oxygen uptake, mL/kg/min | 19.7±7 |
| Peak oxygen uptake as percentage of expected value, % | 69±22 |
| Right-sided cardiac catheterisation (97 patients) | |
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg | 6 (4–10) |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure, mm Hg | 24±10 |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, mm Hg | 15±8 |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 4.9±1.5 |
| 24 h ECG (89 patients) | |
| Average heart rate, bpm | 76±13 |
| Minimum heart rate, bpm | 49±10 |
| Maximum heart rate, bpm | 142±28 |
| Ventricular tachycardia, n (%) | 25 (28) |
Values are presented as mean±SD or median (IQR) as appropriate.