Clinical scenario and hydration protocols of included trials
| Study | Kidney function | Procedure | Contrast agent | IV regimen | Oral regimen | CIN definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trivedi et al5 | Normal | Non-emergency cardiac catheterisation | Low osmolality, ionic | Normal saline; 1 mL/kg/h beginning 12 h before to next 24 h after the procedure | Unrestricted oral fluids | >44.2 μmol/L (>0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase within 48 h of contrast exposure |
| Kong et al11 | Normal | Coronary angiogram and/or angioplasty | Low osmolality, ionic (iopromide) | Normal saline; 1 mL/kg/h beginning 12 h before to next 24 h after the procedure | Tap water; 500 mL within 2 h of procedure and another 2000 mL within 24 h after procedure or 2000 mL of water within 24 h after procedure | >44.2 μmol/L (>0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a >25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 48–72 h of contrast exposure |
| Dussol et al6 | CKD | Various radiological procedures | Low osmolality, non-ionic | Normal saline; 15 mL/kg for 6 h before the procedure (no post procedure hydration) | Sodium chloride tablets; 1 g/10 kg of body weight/day for 2 days | >44.2 μmol/L (>0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase within 48 h of contrast exposure |
| Cho et al7 | CKD | Elective coronary angiogram | Low osmolality, non-ionic (isoverol) | Normal saline; 3 mL/kg bolus over 1 h, immediately prior followed by 1 mL/kg for 6 h after the procedure (for patients greater than 110 kg, infusion rates will be based on that for a 110 kg person | Water; 500 mL started 4 h prior and stopped 2 h prior to procedure followed by oral hydration with 600 mL of water post procedure | >44.2 μmol/L (>0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a >25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 72 h of contrast exposure |
| Wrobel et al8 | CKD | Coronary angiogram and/or angioplasty | Low osmolality, non-ionic (isoverol) | Normal saline; 1 mL/kg/h beginning 12 h before to next 12 h after the procedure (reduced to 50% in patients with CHF) | Mineral water; 1 mL/kg/h beginning 6–12 h before to 12 h after the procedure | >44.2 μmol/L (>0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a >25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 72 h of contrast exposure |
CHF, congestive heart failure; CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IV, intravenous.