Characteristics of the included randomised clinical trials
| Study | n | Oral (%) | Male (%) | Diabetes (%) | Age IV±SD | Age oral±SD | CIN oral/IV | HD | Cr IV baseline±SD | Cr oral baseline±SD | Cr IV 48 h±SD | Cr oral 48–72 h±SD | Contrast Vol IV±SD | Contrast Vol oral±SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trivedi et al5 | 53 | 26 (49.1) | 52 (98.1) | 10 (18.9) | 68.5±8 | 67.2±11.2 | 9/1 | None | 1.14±0.24 | 1.27±0.37 | 1.27±0.48 | 1.60±0.83 | 201.3±92 | 187.3±87.6 |
| Kong et al11 | 120 | 80 (66.7) | 67 (55.8) | 30 (25) | 55.7±11.9 | 56.05±10 | 5/2 | None | 1.15±0.29 | 1.23±0.26 | 1.27±0.31 | 1.3±0.27 | 151.2±63.1 | 151±59.5 |
| Dussol et al6 | 153 | 77 (50.3) | 128 (83.7) | 44 (28.8) | 64±11 | 63±15 | 4/5 | None | 2.35±0.95 | 2.14±0.74 | NR | NR | 115±57 | 120±40 |
| Cho et al7 | 49 | 22 (44.9) | 27 (55.1) | 16 (32.7) | 77.3±8.4 | 80.8±6.5 | 1/6 | NR | 1.38 | 1.38 | NR | NR | 122.6 | 118.6 |
| Wrobel et al8 | 102 | 50 (49) | 58 (56.9) | 102 (100) | 67.3±7.76 | 63.7±7.82 | 2/3 | None | 1.24±0.45 | 1.17±0.39 | 1.35±0.48 | 1.24±0.44 | 101.1±36.6 | 110.4±65.28 |
CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; Cr creatinine; HD, hemodialysis; IV, intravenous; n, total number of participants; NR, not reported; Vol, volume.