Protocol characteristics of included studies
| Study (reference) | Statin type | Statin protocol | Control | Contrast agent | Median contrast volume, mL | Procedure | Hydration procedure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Control | |||||||
| Acikel et al21 | Atorvastatin | 40 mg/day atorvastatin started 3 days before CAG and continued for 48 h after procedure | Placebo | Iohexol | 105 | 103 | CAG | IV 0.9% NaCl at 1 mL/kg/h starting 4 h before and continuing until 24 h after CM exposure |
| Han et al13 | Rosuvastatin | 10 mg/day rosuvastatin for 5 days (2 days before and 3 days after procedure) | Placebo | Iodixanol | 120 | 110 | Coronary/peripheral arterial angiography with or without percutaneous intervention | IV 0 .9% NaCl at 1 mL/kg/h started 12 h before and continued for 24 h CM administration |
| Jo et al26 | Simvastatin | 160 mg total, 40 mg orally q 12 h starting evening before and ending morning after the procedure | Placebo | Iodixanol | 173±99.3 | 190.9±133.5 | CAG | IV 0.45% NaCl at 1 mg/kg/h for 12 h before and 12 h after the procedure |
| Leoncini et al14 | Rosuvastatin | 40 mg rosuvastatin on admission, followed by 20 mg/day plus 1200 mg NAC twice daily from the day before through the day after angiography | Placebo plus 1200 mg NAC twice daily from the day before through the day after angiography | Iodixanol | 183±80 | 172±72 | CAG±PCI | IV 0.9% NaCl at 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and after procedure |
| Li et al27 | Atorvastatin | High-dose atorvastatin 80 mg prior to procedure and 40 mg every day thereafter | Placebo | Iopromide | 100±25.9 | 103.6±26.2 | CAG and PCI | IV 0.9% NaCl at 1 mL/kg/h before the procedure and for 12 h after the procedure |
| Ozhan et al25 | Atorvastatin | High-dose atorvastatin 80 mg plus 600 mg NAC twice daily in 1st day followed by 80 mg atorvastatin for 2 days after procedure | plus 600 mg NAC twice daily in 1st day followed by 80 mg atorvastatin for 2 days after procedure | Iopamidol | 97±7 | 93±6 | CAG | IV 0.9% NaCl 1000 mL infusion during 6 h after procedure |
| Patti et al24 | Atorvastatin | 80 mg atorvastatin 12 h before intervention with another 40 mg 2-h preprocedure, after procedure everyone put on 40 mg/day | Placebo | Iobitridol | 209±72 | 213±13 | PCI | IV 0.9% NaCl at 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and 12 h after intervention |
| Quintavalle et al23 | Atorvastatin | 80 mg atorvastatin within 24 h before CM exposure plus NAC 1200 mg twice daily, orally the day before and day of CM administration | Placebo plus NAC 1200 mg twice daily, orally the day before and day of CM administration | Iodixanol | 177±74 | 184±78 | CAG±PCI | NaHCO3 sol. 154 meq/L in dextrose and water at 3 mL/kg/h at 1 h before CM injection and at 1 mL/kg/h during CM exposure and 6 h post-CM exposure |
| Toso et al22 | Atorvastatin | 80 mg/day atorvastatin for 48 h before and 48 h after CM administration plus oral NAC 1200 mg twice daily from the day before to a day after procedure | Placebo plus oral NAC 1200 mg twice daily from the day before to a day after procedure | Iodixanol | 151±95 | 164±99 | CAG±PCI | IV 0 .9% NaCl at 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and after procedure |
CAG, coronary angiography; CM, contrast media; IV, intravenous; NAC, N-acetyl cysteine; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.