RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Environmental tobacco smoke and carotid intima–media thickness in healthy children and adolescents: a systematic review JF Open Heart JO Open Heart FD British Cardiovascular Society SP e001790 DO 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001790 VO 9 IS 1 A1 Dingbo Shu A1 Feng Chen A1 Chuan Zhang A1 Wentong Guo A1 Siyu Dai YR 2022 UL http://openheart.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001790.abstract AB Thicker carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) has been a valid predictor for atherosclerosis development. A significant association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and thickening of CIMT has been demonstrated in adults, whereas such association has scarcely been reviewed in paediatric population. The dominate electronic databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, were searched from inception. Reference lists of retrieved articles were further scanned as to avoid any missing literatures. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Qualitative synthesis analyses were performed on the selected studies. 331 articles were retrieved, and 4 were finally selected. All four studies investigated the association between postnatal ETS and CIMT in children, and three of them reported a statistically significant positive association. Three studies investigated the association between prenatal maternal ETS and CIMT, and one of the three found a positive association. Two studies explored the association between postnatal maternal ETS and CIMT, one reported a positive association. Two studies used serum cotinine measurement to quantify ETS and demonstrated potential dose-response relationship with CIMT. ETS exposure may play an independent role in the development of cardiovascular risks in healthy children and adolescents. In the consideration of the great burden of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, there is an urgent need of effective surveillance for paediatric population’s ETS exposure to reduce smoke exposure.All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information.