Article Text
Abstract
Objective Non-invasive assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function is important to better understand physiological abnormalities in heart failure (HF). The spatiotemporal pattern of LV blood flow velocities during systole and diastole can be used to estimate intraventricular pressure differences (IVPDs). We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of an MRI-based method to calculate systolic and diastolic IVPDs in subjects without heart failure (No-HF), and with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Methods We studied 159 subjects without HF, 47 subjects with HFrEF and 32 subjects with HFpEF. Diastolic and systolic intraventricular flow was measured using two-dimensional in-plane phase-contrast MRI. The Euler equation was solved to compute IVPDs in diastole (mitral base to apex) and systole (apex to LV outflow tract).
Results Subjects with HFpEF demonstrated a higher magnitude of the early diastolic reversal of IVPDs (−1.30 mm Hg) compared with the No-HF group (−0.78 mm Hg) and the HFrEF group (−0.75 mm Hg; analysis of variance p=0.01). These differences persisted after adjustment for clinical variables, Doppler-echocardiographic parameters of diastolic filling and measures of LV structure (No-HF=−0.72; HFrEF=−0.87; HFpEF=−1.52 mm Hg; p=0.006). No significant differences in systolic IVPDs were found in adjusted models. IVPD parameters demonstrated only weak correlations with standard Doppler-echocardiographic parameters.
Conclusions Our findings suggest distinct patterns of systolic and diastolic IVPDs in HFpEF and HFrEF, implying differences in the nature of diastolic dysfunction between the HF subtypes.
- MRI
- cardiac function
- heart failure with normal ejection fraction
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Footnotes
Contributors Design: FL-H, PS and JAC; oversight and funding: PS and JAC; manuscript drafting: FL-H; critical review of the manuscript: all authors; data collection: GO, MRK, KJ, RM, IV and SA; image analyses: ZH, RB, AT and WW.
Funding This study was supported by NIH grants R56HL-124073-01A1 (JAC), R01 HL 121510-01A1 (JAC), 5-R21-AG-043802-02 (JAC) and a VISN-4 research grant from the Department of Veterans Affairs (JAC).
Competing interests JAC has received consulting honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, OPKO Healthcare, Sanifit, Akros Pharma, Fukuda-Denshi, Ironwood, Microsoft, Merck, Bayer and Pfizer. He received research grants from National Institutes of Health, American College of Radiology Network, Fukuda Denshi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Microsoft and CVRx Inc. He is named as inventor in a University of Pennsylvania patent application for the use of inorganic nitrates/nitrites for the treatment of Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. Other authors have no disclosures.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.
Data availability statement No data are available.