Article Text
Abstract
Background Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at risk especially in the period shortly after the event. Alterations in respiratory control have been associated with adverse prognosis. The aim of our study was to assess if the nocturnal respiratory rate (NRR) is a predictor of mortality in patients with ACS presenting in the emergency department.
Methods Clinically stable consecutive patients with ACS aged ≥ 18 years were prospectively enrolled. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed for all patients. The average NRR over a period of 6 hours was determined by the records of the surveillance monitors in the first night after admission. Primary and secondary endpoints were intrahospital and 2 years all-cause mortality, respectively.
Results Of the 860 patients with ACS, 21 (2.4%) died within the intrahospital phase and 108 patients (12.6%) died within the subsequent 2 years. The NRR was a significant predictor of both endpoints and was independent from the GRACE score and LVEF. Implementing the NRR into the GRACE risk model leads to a significant increase of the C-statistics especially for prediction of intrahospital mortality.
Conclusion The NRR is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with ACS.
- myocardial infarction
- respiration
- mortality
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Footnotes
Contributors CE developed the theoretical formalism, performed the analytic calculations and performed the numerical simulations. CE, PG-B, KR, MD, LM, KB and NG have performed the collection of data MG and CSZ verified the analytical methods and supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
Funding This study was kindly supported by the Geschwister-Kessel-Stiftung, Langenenslingen, Germany.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Not required.
Ethics approval University of Tuebingen.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement No additional data are available.