State-of-the-Art Paper
The Worldwide Environment of Cardiovascular Disease: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Policy Issues: A Report From the American College of Cardiology

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.002Get rights and content
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The environment in which the field of cardiology finds itself has been rapidly changing. This supplement, an expansion of a report created for the Board of Trustees, is intended to provide a timely snapshot of the socio-economic, political, and scientific aspects of this environment as it applies to practice both in the United States and internationally. This publication should assist healthcare professionals looking for the most recent statistics on cardiovascular disease and the risk factors that contribute to it, drug and device trends affecting the industry, and how the practice of cardiology is changing in the United States.

Key Words

cardiology economic environment
cardiology political environment
cardiology practice trends
cardiology social environment
cardiology statistics

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACA
Affordable Care Act
ACC
American College of Cardiology
ACO
Accountable Care Organization
AHA
American Heart Association
BMI
body mass index
CMS
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
COI
conflict of interest
CVD
cardiovascular disease
CVRN
Cardiovascular Research Network
DALY
disability-adjusted life year
DES
drug-eluting stent
EHR
electronic health record
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FTE
full-time equivalent
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
LMIC
low- to middle-income country
NCD
noncommunicable disease
NIH
National Institutes of Health
PCMH
patient-centered medical home
PGPD
physician group practice demonstration
TAVR
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
YLL
years of lives lost

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Dr. Laslett has stock in Berkshire Hathaway, General Electric, Google, Pepsico, and Noninvasive Medical Technologies. Dr. Drozda's son is a sales representative for Boston Scientific Corporation. All other authors have reported they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.