Costs of initial heart valve intervention and complications
| Children (0–18 years) | Young adults (19–60 years) | Middle aged (61–70 years) | Elderly (>70 years) | |||||
| n | Costs (€, mean, CI) | n | Costs (€, mean, CI) | n | Costs (€, mean, CI) | n | Costs (€, mean, CI) | |
| Intervention (including ICU*) | ||||||||
| SVR (total) | 399 | 21 941 (20 543 to 23 811) | 3172 | 25 050 (24 446 to 25 711) | 4727 | 25 502 (25 054 to 25 988) | 9387 | 25 740 (25 414 to 26 058) |
| Aortic | 29 | 20 068 (18 843 to 21 279) | 2428 | 23 935 (23 350 to 24 592) | 4050 | 24 553 (24 131 to 25 004) | 8448 | 25 165 (24 845 to 25 482) |
| Pulmonary | 328 | 21 800 (20 144 to 23 978) | 114 | 19 442 (18 598 to 20 297) | 2 | 14 483 (11 966 to 17 009) | 2 | 23 702 (21 923 to 25 518) |
| Mitral | 17 | 26 885 (19 920 to 35 138) | 427 | 27 449 (25 691 to 29 491) | 475 | 28 493 (26 779 to 30 386) | 646 | 29 408 (27 634 to 31 510) |
| Tricuspid | 23 | 22 409 (19 226 to 27 671) | 64 | 33 306 (26 339 to 41 758) | 32 | 26 858 (21 833 to 33 760) | 35 | 23 611 (21 577 to 25 923) |
| Aortic+mitral | 2 | 25 451 (20 148 to 30 753) | 194 | 37 985 (32 581 to 44 947) | 167 | 39 834 (34 892 to 45 874) | 256 | 35 759 (33 074 to 38 668) |
| TVI (total) | 0 | – | 29 | 33 385 (30 842 to 36 490) | 64 | 32 440 (30 860 to 34 142) | 744 | 32 209 (31 582 to 32 883) |
| Aortic | 0 | – | 6 | 35 884 (30 552 to 43 785) | 21 | 33 135 (29 843 to 36 786) | 366 | 32 776 (31 812 to 33 842) |
| Mitral | 0 | – | 2 | 33 838 (22 789 to 44 831) | 1 | 36 661 (36 661 to 36 661) | 0 | – |
| Unknown | 0 | – | 21 | 32 614 (30 134 to 36 300) | 42 | 32 003 (30 193 to 33 909) | 378 | 31 660 (30 915 to 32 563) |
| Complications (including ICU) | ||||||||
| Acute kidney injury | 2 | 6007 (2617 to 9407) | 36 | 9061 (5575 to 13 552) | 81 | 8021 (6303 to 9988) | 169 | 9533 (7597 to 11 769) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 11 | 2702 (717 to 5789) | 548 | 1418 (1295 to 1543) | 1087 | 1229 (1147 to 1313) | 2187 | 1210 (1119 to 1321) |
| Stroke | 1 | 1418 (1418 to 1418) | 257 | 3264 (2458 to 4197) | 403 | 2627 (2222 to 3129) | 1115 | 3017 (2731 to 3341) |
| TIA | 0 | – | 104 | 1213 (990 to 1470) | 220 | 1311 (1122 to 1522) | 387 | 1267 (1155 to 1394) |
| Endocarditis | 6 | 7971 (3764 to 13 057) | 254 | 7418 (6449 to 8401) | 292 | 7543 (6689 to 8380) | 380 | 8815 (7960 to 9722) |
| Myocardial infarction | 0 | – | 49 | 6248 (4264 to 9517) | 83 | 5421 (4524 to 6518) | 203 | 5094 (4509 to 5911) |
| Pacemaker implantation | 4 | 4884 (2175 to 6621) | 118 | 10 987 (10 403 to 11 525) | 209 | 12 395 (10 875 to 15 179) | 619 | 11 596 (11 348 to 11 853) |
| Reintervention | 22 | 20 057 (18 326 to 21 784) | 70 | 25 328 (21 590 to 30 273) | 72 | 21 340 (19 249 to 24 120) | 135 | 25 622 (23 138 to 28 862) |
*ICU costs during first year minus ICU costs after complications. Only patients with ≥30-days’ follow-up or died ≤30 days included to ensure all ICU costs after intervention were considered.
ICU, intensive care unit; SVR, surgical heart valve replacement; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TVI, transcatheter heart valve implantation.