Baseline and postexercise cardiovascular biomarkers by study group
| Overt HCM (n=76) | Preclinical HCM (n=50) | Control (n=41) | p for ANOVA | |
| Baseline biomarkers, median (25th–75th percentile) | ||||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 137 (60, 569)*† | 45 (20, 72) | 32 (15, 51) | 0.0005 |
| High-sensitivity troponin, ng/mL | 6.3 (3.2, 11.7)*† | 1.9 (1.3, 5.0) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | 0.03 |
| Soluble ST2, ng/mL | 29.2 (21.5, 37.3) | 26.5 (20.0, 35.5) | 22.8 (18.5, 31.3) | 0.83 |
| Galectin-3, pg/mL | 11.1 (9.7, 13.4) | 11.4 (10.2, 12.8) | 11.5 (9.7, 12.9) | 0.97 |
| PICP, μg/L | 95.4 (67.6, 141.2) | 102.5 (84.5, 144.8) | 114.9 (73.3, 184.9) | 0.94 |
| CITP, μg/L | 4.4 (3.1, 10.0) | 6.1 (3.5, 11.5) | 5.2 (3.3, 11.4) | 0.32 |
| PICP/CITP ratio | 18.7 (12.6, 32.0) | 15.8 (10.3, 26.1) | 17.6 (13.8, 26.5) | 0.09 |
| BAP, U/L | 1.5 (1.1, 2.4) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.6) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.9) | 0.72 |
| PICP/BAP ratio | 57.1 (38.8, 114.6) | 68.9 (37.9, 107.8) | 87.7 (50.9, 129.0) | 0.81 |
| Periostin | 70.5 (56, 93.5) | 73.5 (61, 95) | 73 (60, 92) | 0.99 |
| Immediate or 4-hour postexercise biomarkers, median (25th–75th percentile) | ||||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 199 (84, 775)*† | 54 (27, 93) | 41 (23, 77) | 0.0004 |
| Change in NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 37 (14, 133)*† | 9 (5, 18) | 8 (3, 25) | 0.0004 |
| % Change in NT-proBNP (%) | 27 (15, 43) | 27 (13, 40) | 38 (13, 70) | 0.08 |
| 4-Hour hsTnI, ng/mL | 8.9 (5.4, 18.0)* | 2.6 (1.4, 7.2) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.8) | 0.03 |
| Change in hsTnI, ng/mL | 1.5 (−0.4, 4.5) | 0.3 (−0.2, 1.3) | 0.4 (−0.2, 1.0) | 0.43 |
| % Change in hsTnI (%) | 28 (−4, 67) | 17 (−11, 58) | 28 (−10, 76) | 0.25 |
| 4-Hour soluble ST2, ng/mL | 36.1 (26.1, 42.8) | 34.5 (25.7, 45.6) | 31.5 (24.3, 37.8) | 0.66 |
| Change in sST2, ng/mL | 4.5 (0.5, 9.8) | 7.9 (2.4, 10.9) | 6.3 (2.0, 11.0) | 0.68 |
| % Change in sST2 (%) | 17 (1, 36) | 28 (10, 42) | 19 (13, 41) | 0.99 |
*Indicates p<0.05 versus control.
†Indicates p<0.05 versus preclinical HCM in generalised estimating equations regression analyses accounting for age, sex and familial correlation.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BAP, bone alkaline phosphatase; CITP, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; hsTnI, high-sensitivity troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PICP, propeptide of procollagen type I; sST2, soluble ST2.