Baseline characteristics
| Study ID | Age (years) | Male gender | CRT-d | Device upgrade | Ischaemic aetiology | Atrial fibrillation | Medication | LBBB | QRS (ms) | NYHA | 6MWT (M) | LV |
| Dong et al26 | 68±9 | 37 (82.2%) | 45 (100%) | Not reported | 26 (57.8%) | Chronic AF excluded | ACEi/ARB 27 (60.0%), BB 41 (91.1%) | 23 (53.3%) | >120 | 3.03±0.33 | 351±186 | LVESVi 77±26 mL/m2, LVEF 26%±5% |
| Tolosana et al24 | 66±8 | 35 (83.3%) | 25 (59.5%) | Not reported | 19 (45.2%) | 8 (19%) | ACEi/ARB 33 (78.5%), BB 27 (64.3%), MRA 20 (47.6%) | Not reported | ≥120 | >III=33 (78.5%) or II=9 (21.4%) → pacing indication | 232±126 | LVESV 162±63 mL, LVEDV 212±66 mL, LVEF 27%±7% |
| Truong et al25 | 68±12 | 61 (83.6%) | Yes | 41 (56.2%) | 39 (53.4%) | 34 (46.5%) | ACEi/ARB 57 (78.1%), BB 64 (87.7%), MRA 16 (21.9%) | 39 (53.4%) | 168±27 | 2.9±0.4 | Not done | LVESV 163±60 mL, LVEDV 226±73 mL, LVEF 27%±7% |
| Umar et al10 | 64±11 | 52 (81%) | Yes | Not reported | 45 (70.3%) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 162±24 | 3.1±0.2 | 330±114 | LVESV 172±69 mL, LVEDV 229±78 mL, LVEF 25%±8% |
| Garcia-Bolao et al9 | 69±4 | 40 (67.8%) | 33 (55.9%) | Not reported | 30 (50.8%) | 11 (18.6%) | ACEi/ARB 59 (100%), BB 34 (57.6%), MRA 21 (35.6%) | 51 (86.4%) | 158±35 | 3.1±0.6 | 327±112 | LVEF 25%±5% |
| Lopez-Andres et al8* | 66 (59–71) | 90 (68%) | 0 (0%) | Excluded in CARE-HF | 53 (40.2%) | AF excluded | ACEi/ARB 131 (99.2%), BB 88 (66.7%), MRA 73 (55.3%) | Not reported | 160 (152–180) | 3.0±0.2 | Not done | (n=115) LVESV 206 mL (174–272), LVEDV 274 mL (233–355), LVEF 25% (21–29) |
*Median (IQR).
ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, beta blocker; CRT-d, cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator; CARE-HF, cardiac resynchronisation in heart failure; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LV, left ventricular; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; 6MWT, six min walk test; MRA, mineralcorticoid receptor blocker; NYHA, New York Heart Association.