| (b) Years from smoking cessation | |||||
| 1-4 years (n=14) | 5-10 years (n=15) | 10-15 years (n=21) | >15 years (n=75) | Non-smokers (n=116) | |
| Age (years), mean (range) | 54 (26–68) | 57 (28–70) | 58 (32–70)* | 62(40–73)* | 53 (20-70) |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.77 (1.44–4.54) | 1.56 (0.72–2.81) | 2.19 (0.76–4.30) | 1.68 (0.78–2.74) | 1.28 (0.64-2.53) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.37 (4.43–6.28) | 5.78 (5.07–6.37) | 5.97 (5.26–6.32)* | 5.41 (4.55–5.94) | 5.25 (4.69-5.83) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.41 (2.42–4.20) | 3.79 (2.91–4.04) | 3.75 (3.12–4.24) | 3.22 (2.55–4.09) | 3.33 (2.81-3.86) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.31 (1.11–1.47) | 1.31 (1.06–1.58) | 1.48 (1.11–1.65) | 1.34 (1.12–1.63) | 1.35 (1.16-1.54) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.70 (1.04–2.33)* | 1.74 (1.20–2.36)** | 1.52 (1.41–2.09)** | 1.07 (0.84–1.60) | 1.07 (0.75-1.55) |
| Total cholesterol: HDL | 4.16 (3.42–4.79) | 3.96 (3.06–5.50) | 3.75 (3.12–4.24) | 3.87 (3.11–4.70) | 3.88 (3.20-4.62) |
| Non-HDL-chol (mmol/L) | 3.88 (3.28–4.95) | 4.40 (3.18–5.28) | 4.43 (3.95–5.05)* | 3.86 (3.07–4.81) | 3.91 (3.24-4.50) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 (28.1–35.1)* | 30.5 (27.8–37.2)** | 28.7 (26.8–31.2) | 28.7 (26.6–31.6) | 28.1 (25.8-32.2) |
Levels among non-smokers are also presented.
ORs were adjusted for age (age OR) and for age, sex, regular alcohol consumption, reported hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes and BMI (AdjOR).
*p <0.05; **p<0.01.
†Ex-smoker cases and controls who stopped smoking less than a year ago were not included in this analysis. The p values, calculated according to the two-tailed Mann-Whitney tests, compare that category with non-smokers.
aOR, adjusted OR' BMI, body mass index; MI myocardial infarction.