| (C) Exposure to passive smoking in non-smokers and ex-smokers | ||
| Exposed to passive smoking at home and in public (n=26) | Not exposed to passive smoking (n=65) | |
| Age (years), mean (range) | 59 (43–70) | 54 (20–71) |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.20 (0.69–3.02) | 1.33 (0.72–2.34) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.73 (4.91–6.57)* | 5.23 (4.40–5.77) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.37 (2.33–4.41) | 3.17 (2.58–3.72) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.35 (1.18–1.58) | 1.45 (1.22–1.69) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.50 (0.99–2.40)* | 1.03 (0.78–1.40) |
| Total cholesterol: HDL | 4.23 (3.34–4.93)* | 3.61 (2.93–4.03) |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.36 (3.39–5.18)* | 3.70 (2.98–4.33) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8 (27.0–32.6) | 28.7 (26.1–32.1) |
The p values, calculated according to the two-tailed Mann-Whitney tests, compare that category with non-smokers for (A) and (B) and with the not exposed for (C).
*p<0.05; **p<0.01.
†16 male smoker controls did not specify the number of cigarettes smoked and were thus excluded from this analysis.
BMI. body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.