Association of elevated pre-TAVI OPN levels with clinical variables
| OPN first to third quartile (n=163) | OPN fourth quartile (n=54) | p Value | |
| Age (years) | 81.5±6.1 | 82.7±5.8 | 0.568 |
| Male (%) | 138 (46.0%) | 84 (38.9%) | 0.43 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (23.5–29.0) | 26.3 (24.0–29.8) | 0.464 |
| Delivery route (%) | 0.259 | ||
| Transapical | 78 (36.2%) | 52 (24.1%) | |
| Transaortic | 21 (9.8%) | 24 (11.1%) | |
| Transfemoral | 117 (54.0%) | 140 (64.8%) | |
| NYHA classification | 0.588 | ||
| I | 6 (3.7%) | 3 (5.6%) | |
| II | 49 (30.1%) | 12 (22.2%) | |
| III | 91 (55.8%) | 31 (57.4%) | |
| IV | 17 (10.4%) | 8 (14.8%) | |
| Diabetes | 47 (28.4%) | 17 (31.5%) | 0.732 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 86 (52.8%) | 22 (40.7%) | 0.158 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 24 (14.7%) | 9 (16.7%) | 0.827 |
| GFR | 0.161 | ||
| <30 mL/min | 8 (3.7%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| 30–45 mL/min | 33 (15.2%) | 16 (7.4%) | |
| 45–60 mL/min | 78 (35.9%) | 28 (12.9%) | |
| >60 mL/min | 44 (20.3%) | 7 (3.2%) | |
| AFIB/AFLUT | 63 (38.7%) | 34 (63.0%) | 0.003 |
| COPD | 29 (17.8%) | 10 (18.5%) | 1.000 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 44 (27.0%) | 11 (20.37%) | 0.372 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 65 (39.9%) | 22 (40.7%) | 1.000 |
| Significant CAD | 124 (76.1%) | 37 (68.5%) | 0.285 |
| STS PROM score | 4.8 (3.1–6.7) | 6.9 (5.1–9.8) | 0.252 |
| ≤10% | 149 (91.4%) | 41 (75.9%) | 0.007 |
| >10% | 14 (8.6%) | 13 (24.1%) | |
| Log ES | 18.5 (12.6–28.3) | 27.1 (17.8–44.4) | 0.001 |
| ≤20% | 89 (54.6%) | 18 (33.3%) | 0.011 |
| >20% | 74 (45.4%) | 36 (66.7%) | |
| ES II | 5.64 (3.5–10.03) | 8.57 (5.13–14.74) | 0.004 |
| ≤10.3% | 129 (79.14%) | 35 (64.81%) | 0.044 |
| ˃ 10.3% | 34 (64.81%) | 19 (35.19%) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.09 (0.88–1.38) | 1.15 (1.15–1.47) | 0.724 |
| ≤1.39 | 125 (76.7%) | 39 (72.2%) | 0.584 |
| >1.39 | 38 (23.31%) | 15 (27.8%) | |
| NTproBNP (pg/mL) | 1787 (857–3879) | 3303.5 (1360–8429) | 0.003 |
| ≤4970.5 | 131 (80.4%) | 32 (59.3%) | 0.002 |
| >4970.5 | 32 (19.6%) | 22 (40.74%) | |
| EF (%) | 0.073 | ||
| <35% | 17 (10.4%) | 8 (14.8%) | |
| 35%–45% | 27 (16.6%) | 15 (27.8%) | |
| 46%–54% | 29 (17.8%) | 12 (22.2%) | |
| ≥55% | 90 (55.2%) | 19 (35.2%) | |
| Preprocedural AVG mean | 38.66±19.56 | 35.98±15.48 | 0.035 |
| 30-day mortality | 9 (5.52%) | 6 (11.11%) | 0.212 |
AFIB, atrial fibrillation; AFLUT, atrial flutter; AVG, aortic valve gradient; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF, ejection fraction; ES II, EuroSCORE II; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Log ES, logistic EuroSCORE; NTproBNP, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OPN, osteopontin; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.