Characteristics of patients with recurrence of AF after one catheter ablation procedure (primary endpoint)
| Recurrence of AF (n=55) | Non-recurrence of AF (n=47) | p Value | |
| LA myocardial characteristics | |||
| LA strain (%) | 9.7±2.4 | 16.2±3.0 | <0.001 |
| LA volumetric characteristics | |||
| LA diameter >40 mm | 54.5% | 44.7% | 0.325 |
| LA area >20 cm² | 50.9% | 34% | 0.088 |
| LA volume >58 mL | 50.9% | 40.4% | 0.294 |
| LA volume index >28 mL/m² | 60% | 38.3% | 0.029 |
| LV characteristics | |||
| LV hypertrophy | 50.9% | 48.9% | 0.844 |
| LVEF (%) | 57.0±4.4 | 56.5±2.9 | 0.550 |
| LV longitudinal systolic dysfunction | 89.1% | 68.1% | 0.008 |
| LV longitudinal diastolic dysfunction | 23.6% | 8.5% | 0.041 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| >75 years of age | 18.2% | 6.4% | 0.076 |
| Type II diabetes | 9.1% | 8.5% | 0.919 |
| Hypertension | 80% | 63.8% | 0.069 |
| Obesity | 29.1% | 36.2% | 0.451 |
| History of CAD | 32.7% | 14.9% | 0.037 |
| CHADS2 score ≥2 | 18.2% | 17% | 0.879 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 | 76.4% | 48.9% | 0.003 |
| PVI alone | 52.7% | 59.6% | 0.492 |
| PVI + additional LA lesions | 47.3% | 40.4% | 0.492 |
| Duration of AF <12 months | 100% | 100% | >0.999 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD and percentages. Recurrence and non-recurrence of AF during the follow-up period of 15 months. Additional LA lesions, LA linear lesions (LA roof line and mitral isthmus line) and ablation of regions with complex fractionated electrograms. LV longitudinal systolic and diastolic dysfunction was defined as LV strain > −16% and LV SRe <0.95 s−1, respectively. LV hypertrophy = LV mass ≥96 g/m2 in women or ≥116 g/m2 in men.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PVI, pulmonary vein ablation; SRe, early-diastolic strain rate.