Table 4

Predictors of regular NSAID use by NSAID type, NHANES III (1988–1994), multivariate logistic regression

	Aspirin n=946		Non-aspirin n=1057		More than one n=226
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age category
20–39	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
40–59	3.513 ^**,†	2.38 to 5.186	1.498 ^*,†	1.098 to 2.044	1.802	0.943, 3.444
60+	7.602 ^**,†	5.038 to 11.471	1.952 ^**,†	1.376 to 2.769	3.163 ^**,†	1.727, 5.796
Race
NH White	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
NH African American	0.327 ^**,†	0.247 to 0.433	0.789 ^*,†	0.637 to 0.978	0.586	0.331, 1.037
Mexican American	0.383 ^**,†	0.281 to 0.524	0.652 ^*,†	0.499 to 0.852	0.510 ^*,‡	0.268, 0.972
Other	0.369 ^*,†	0.148 to 0.922	0.202 ^*,†	0.071 to 0.579	1.492	0.415, 5.361
Other Hispanic	0.409 ^*,‡	0.177 to 0.946	0.768	0.291 to 2.025	0.480	0.145, 1.585
Sex
Male	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Female	0.738 ^*,†	0.582 to 0.937	1.603 ^**,†	1.328 to 1.936	1.659 ^*,†	1.036 to 2.657
Education
<HS	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Completed HS	0.869	0.621 to 1.215	0.899	0.719 to 1.123	0.705	0.417 to 1.194
Some college or more	1.097	0.777 to 1.549	0.930	0.680 to 1.273	0.739	0.369 to 1.479
BMI
<25	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
25 to <30	1.247	0.956 to 1.627	1.17	0.894 to 1.53	1.820^§	0.962 to 3.443
>30 to <35	1.773 ^*,‡	1.205 to 2.609	1.395	0.927 to 2.101	2.685 ^*,†	1.493 to 4.832
≥35	1.182	0.778 to 1.796	1.872 ^*,‡	1.197 to 2.928	3.034 ^*,†	1.385 to 6.644
Poverty to income ratio
≤1.3	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
>1.3 to ≤ 3.5	0.953	0.712 to 1.275	1.095	0.837 to 1.433	1.11	0.580 to 2.126
>3.5	1.016	0.729 to 1.415	1.239	0.913 to 1.682	1.517^§	0.703 to 3.272
Alcohol use
0 drinks/day	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
1–2 drinks/day	1.080	0.812 to 1.436	1.059	0.829 to 1.352	1.371	0.745 to 2.523
≥3 drinks/day	1.082	0.798 to 1.468	1.095	0.833 to 1.440	1.227	0.646 to 2.327
Smoking status
Never	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Former	1.007	0.809 to 1.253	0.968	0.752 to 1.246	1.397	0.923 to 2.112
Current	1.323 ^*,†	1.015 to 1.725	1.026	0.783 to 1.345	1.134	0.629 to 2.046
Physical activity
Inactive	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Insufficiently active	0.707 ^*,†	0.539 to 0.928	0.730 ^*,‡	0.568 to 0.939	0.684	0.366 to 1.279
Active	1.07	0.817 to 1.402	0.832	0.649 to 1.066	0.778	0.445 to 1.359
Cancer history
No (Ref.)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.093	0.832 to 1.435	0.824	0.598 to 1.135	1.432	0.865 to 2.373
Diabetes
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.174	0.801 to 1.722	1.461 ^*	1.035 to 2.063	1.066	0.568 to 2.003
Chronic kidney disease
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.130	0.850 to 1.502	1.256	0.959 to 1.645	0.786	0.456 to 1.357
Heart disease
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	3.803 ^**	2.866 to 5.047	1.086	0.772 to 1.528	4.089 ^**	2.378 to 7.032
Current health status
Excellent	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Very good	1.094	0.765 to 1.564	1.765 ^**,†	1.274 to 2.444	1.351	0.714 to 2.556
Good	1.324	0.977 to 1.794	2.126 ^**,†	1.579 to 2.863	0.957	0.462 to 1.982
Fair	1.412	1.002 to 1.991	3.016 ^**,†	2.124 to 4.284	2.985 ^*,†	1.436 to 6.205
Poor	1.078	0.652 to 1.781	5.057 ^**,†	2.978 to 8.586	2.589^¶	0.944 to 7.100
Waist circumference
≤88 cm (women), ≤102 cm (men)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
>88 cm (women), >102 cm (men)	1.082	0.85 to 1.379	0.99	0.726 to 1.35	0.743	0.415 to 1.33

Boldface indicates statistical significance (*p<0.05, **p<0.001).†Association remains significant in participants without cancer history, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or heart disease.‡Association is not significant in participants without cancer history, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or heart disease.§Association is significant in participants without cancer history, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or heart disease, p<0.05.¶Association is significant in participants without cancer history, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or heart disease, p<0.001.BMI, body mass index; cm, centimetre; HS, high school; NH, Non-Hispanic; NHANES, National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.