Changes in symptoms, functional performance, echocardiographic measurements, patient-reported outcomes, cognitive ability, current living conditions and degree of independence from baseline to 1-year follow-up among patients with results on both time points
| Surgical AVR | Unoperated | |||||||
| Paired* | BL | FU | p Value† | Paired* | BL | FU | p Value† | |
| NYHA class | 269 (76.7) | <0.0001 | 36 (39.6) | 0.756 | ||||
| I | 15 (5.6) | 188 (69.9) | 11 (30.6) | 12 (33.3) | ||||
| II | 142 (5.8) | 62 (23.0) | 15 (41.7) | 12 (33.3) | ||||
| III or IV | 112 (41.6) | 19 (7.1) | 10 (27.7) | 12 (33.3) | ||||
| CCS class | 283 (80.6) | <0.0001 | 35 (38.5) | 0.355 | ||||
| 0 | 152 (53.7) | 272 (96.1) | 28 (80.0) | 30 (85.7) | ||||
| I or II | 115 (40.6) | 10 (3.5) | 5 (14.3) | 5 (14.3) | ||||
| III or IV | 16 (5.7) | 1 (<1) | 2 (5.7) | 0 (0) | ||||
| 6-Min walk test distance, m | 217 (61.8) | 466±123 | 444±132 | 0.0001 | 23 (25.3) | 412±171 | 369±141 | 0.046 |
| Echocardiography | 254 (72.4) | |||||||
| SWTd, cm | 1.1±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | <0.0001 | 51 (56.0) | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.2 | 0.913 | |
| LVIDd, cm | 5.0±0.6 | 4.9±0.5 | <0.0001 | 51 (56.0) | 4.9±0.6 | 4.9±0.7 | 0.391 | |
| PWTd, cm | 0.9±0.1 | 0.8±0.1 | <0.0001 | 51 (56.0) | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.924 | |
| LVEF, % | 56.6±8.5 | 58.1±8.0 | 0.001 | 50 (54.9) | 56.3±11.2 | 55.1±11.7 | 0.302 | |
| Patient-reported outcomes | ||||||||
| PCS | 231 (65.8) | 40±10 | 47±11 | <0.0001 | 33 (36.2) | 37±13 | 34±12 | 0.064 |
| MCS | 231 (65.8) | 51±11 | 51±12 | 0.957 | 33 (36.2) | 49±13 | 46±14 | 0.208 |
| EQ-5D UK index score | 260 (74.0) | 0.74±0.2 | 0.79±0.2 | 0.01 | 45 (49.5) | 0.69±0.3 | 0.62±0.2 | 0.13 |
| EQ-VAS | 245 (69.8) | 61±21 | 73±18 | <0.0001 | 37 (40.7) | 62±25 | 57±24 | 0.153 |
| Cognitive ability | 283 (80.6) | 42 (46.2) | ||||||
| MMSE | 28.4±2.0 | 28.1±2.4 | 0.032 | 27.4±2.9 | 26.9±3.6 | 0.113 | ||
| MMSE <25‡ | 9 (3.2) | 25 (8.8) | 0.005 | 5 (11.9) | 9 (21.4) | 0.242 | ||
| Living independently at home in NYHA class I | 289 (82.3) | 16 (5.5) | 142 (49.1) | – | 48 (52.7) | 11 (22.9) | 6 (12.5) | <0.0001§ |
*Paired indicates patients with results at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
†p Values for comparison of results at baseline and follow-up.
‡Patients scoring 25 points or less on MMSE.
§p Value for comparison of operated versus unoperated patients at follow-up.
Plus–minus values are means ±SD, absolute frequencies and (%) proportion of group.
AVR, aortic valve replacement; BL, baseline; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; EQ-5D UK, EuroQol 5-Dimension United Kingdom; EQ-VAS, EuroQol visual analogue scale; FU, follow-up; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; MCS, Mental Component Summary; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCS, Physical Component Summary; PWTd, posterior wall thickness at end-diastole; SWTd, septal wall thickness at end-diastole.