Adjusted changes in biochemical parameters in the V+A and in the V+T groups
| V+A group (n=48) | V+T group (n=49) | Between-group difference | p | ||
| BUN | Baseline | 15.6±4.1 | 16.2±4.2 | ||
| (mg/dL) | End of study | 17.5±5.2* | 16.7±5.3 | ||
| End of study* | 17.8 (16.6 to 19.0) | 16.5 (15.3 to 17.7) | 1.3 (−0.46 to 3.00) | 0.15 | |
| Creatine | Baseline | 0.74±0.19 | 0.74±0.22 | ||
| (mg/dL) | End of study | 0.76±0.20 | 0.78±0.24* | ||
| End of study* | 0.76 (0.74 to 0.79) | 0.78 (0.76 to 0.81) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05) | 0.36 | |
| Na | Baseline | 141.0±2.1 | 141.5±2.1 | ||
| (mEq/L) | End of study | 140.6±2.2 | 141.5±1.9 | ||
| End of study* | 140.1 (140.2 to 141.3) | 141.4 (140.9 to 141.9) | −0.6 (−1.3 to 0.10) | 0.09 | |
| K | Baseline | 4.2±0.4 | 4.2±0.3 | ||
| (mEq/L) | End of study | 4.3±0.4 | 4.2±0.4 | ||
| End of study* | 4.3 (4.2 to 4.4) | 4.2 (4.1 to 4.3) | 0.1 (−0.9 to 2.2) | 0.40 | |
| Cl | Baseline | 104.5±2.1 | 105.2±2.4 | ||
| (mEq/L) | End of study | 104.8±2.4 | 105.3±2.3 | ||
| End of study* | 105.0 (104.5 to 105.7) | 105.1 (104.6 to 105.7) | −0.1 (−0.9 to 0.8) | 0.89 | |
| UACR | Baseline | 35.9±38.9 | 33.6±35.3 | ||
| (mg/g creatine) | End of study | 19.8±15.4* | 25.6±27.4* | ||
| End of study* | 19.2 (14.2 to 24.2) | 26.0 (21.3 to 30.7) | −6.7 (−13.7 to 0.14) | 0.055 | |
| HbA1c | Baseline | 5.5±0.6 | 5.3±0.3 | ||
| (%) | End of study | 5.5±0.6 | 5.5±0.4*† | ||
| End of study* | 5.5 (5.4 to 5.6) | 5.7 (5.5 to 5.8) | −0.2 (−0.3 to −0.003) | 0.045 | |
| LDL-C | Baseline | 129±58 | 106±34 | ||
| (mg/dL) | End of study | 101±28 | 106±33 | ||
| End of study* | 102 (96 to 108) | 106 (100 to 112) | −4 (−13 to 5) | 0.38 | |
| Triglyceride | Baseline | 130±59 | 130±73 | ||
| (mg/dL) | End of study | 131±67 | 129±69 | ||
| End of study* | 131 (117 to 147) | 129 (114 to 144) | 3 (−19 to –24) | 0.79 | |
| HDL-C | Baseline | 61±16 | 61±15 | ||
| (mg/dL) | End of study | 62±18 | 62±16 | ||
| End of study* | 62 (59 to 65) | 62 (59 to 65) | 0.02 (−3.8 to –3.9) | 0.99 | |
| Uric acid | Baseline | 4.7±1.3 | 5.4±1.3 | ||
| (mg/nL) | End of study | 5.0±1.2 | 5.7±1.3* | ||
| End of study* | 5.3 (4.9 to 5.7) | 6.0 (5.7 to 6.4) | −0.7 (−1.3 to −0.2) | <0.01 | |
| Plasma renin activity | Baseline | 2.1±2.5 | 2.0±3.1 | ||
| (ng/mL/hour) | End of study | 0.7±1.0 | 2.3±2.5 | ||
| End of study* | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.2) | 2.4 (1.9 to 2.9) | 1.7 (2.4 to 1.0) | <0.01 | |
| Aldosterone | Baseline | 79.4±43.7 | 79.9±35.8 | ||
| (pg/mL) | End of study | 76.7±35.7 | 79.7±33.1 | ||
| End of study* | 75.8 (67.5 to 84.1) | 81.3 (73.5 to 89.0) | −5.5 (−16.8 to 5.9) | 0.34 | |
| Adiponectin | Baseline | 13.9±8.5 | 13.8±8.9 | ||
| (μg/mL) | End of study | 14.2±7.9 | 13.6±7.9 | ||
| End of study* | 13.6 (12.9 to 14.4) | 13.2 (12.5 to 13.9) | 0.46 (−0.56 to 1.49) | 0.37 | |
| BNP | Baseline | 48.8±53.0 | 39.1±33.7 | ||
| (ng/mL) | End of study | 34.2±82.2 | 27.8±53.6 | ||
| End of study* | 32.5 (26.2 to 38.8) | 29.4 (23.2 to 35.5) | 3.0 (−5.7 to 11.8) | 0.49 | |
| Urinary 8-OHdG/Cr | Baseline | 13.3±5.0 | 13.2±5.5 | ||
| (ng/mg creatine) | End of study | 10.3±3.9* | 12.4±5.6 | ||
| End of study* | 10.3 (9.2 to 11.4) | 12.3 (11.3 to 13.4) | −2.0 (−3.6 to 0.5) | <0.01 | |
| Urinary creatine | Baseline | 0.87±0.50 | 0.87±0.40 | ||
| (mg/dL) | End of study | 0.97±0.56 | 1.04±0.82 | ||
| End of study* | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.75 to 1.04) | −0.01 (−0.20 to 0.18) | 0.90 |
Data are expressed as the mean±SD or mean (95% CI).
*The least square means (95% CI) and p values were derived from ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex and each baseline value.
†p <0.01 versus baseline (paired t-test) and **p <0.05 versus baseline (paired t-test).
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; BNP, plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UACR, urinary albumin to creatine ratio; 8-OHdG/Cr, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine to creatine ratio.