Risk of bias of included studies (trials)
| Study (author, year, setting) | Context | Study design | Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Risk of bias assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O'Carroll, 2013 (UK)21 | First stroke/TIA | RCT | + | + | - | - | + | + | High risk of bias: performance and detection |
| Hornnes, 2011 (Denmark)22 | Acute stroke/TIA | RCT | + | + | − | + | + | + | High risk of bias: performance |
| McManus, 2009 (UK)23 | Stroke in hospital | RCT | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low risk of bias |
| Faulkner, 2000 (USA)17 | CABG | RCT | + | − | − | − | + | + | High risk of bias: selection, performance and detection |
| Hohmann, 2009 (Germany)29 | Ischaemic stroke/TIA in hospital | Non-randomised controlled intervention trial | − | − | − | − | + | + | High risk of bias: selection, performance and detection |
| Yilmaz, 2005 (Turkey)24 | Secondary prevention in hospital | RCT | ? | − | − | − | + | + | High risk of bias: selection, performance and detection |
| Johnston, 2010 (USA)19 | Ischaemic stroke in hospital | RCT | + | + | − | − | + | + | High risk of bias: performance and detection |
| Thom, 2013 (India, Europe)20 | High CV risk | RCT | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | Unclear risk of bias: performance and detection |
| Castellano, 2014 (Argentina, Brazil, Italy, Paraguay and Spain)25 | Aged >40 years with AMI within last 2 years | RCT | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | Unclear risk of bias: performance and detection |
| Selak 2014 (New Zealand)28 | High CV risk | RCT | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low risk of bias |
| Patel, 2015 (Australia, New Zealand)26 | High CV risk | RCT | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | Unclear risk of bias: performance and detection |
| Choudhry, 2011 (USA)27 | AMI in hospital | RCT | + | + | ? | ? | + | + | Unclear risk of bias: performance and detection |
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CHD, coronary heart disease; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; RCT, randomised controlled intervention trial; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.