Table 2

Summary of findings and strength of evidence from trials assessing warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation patients undergoing dialysis

					Heterogeneity
Outcomes	Studies, (n)	Participants, (n)	Effect estimate (95% CI)	p Value	Q Statistic	p Value	I² Index (%)	τ²	Strength of evidence
Efficacy outcomes
All-cause mortality	723–26 31 33 34	8477	Adjusted HR 0.99 (0.89 to 1.10)	0.825	9.22	0.162	34.9	0.007	Low (no benefit)
	824 25 28 31–35	15 797	Unadjusted RR 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04)	0.847	5.67	0.579	0.0	<0.001
Cardiovascular death	424 26 30 31	7028	Adjusted HR 0.94 (0.84 to 1.06)	0.347	1.46	0.691	0.0	<0.001	Low (no benefit)
	524 28 31–33	14 116	Unadjusted RR 0.92 (0.74 to 1.14)	0.467	10.20	0.037	60.8	0.024
Stroke/thromboembolism	119 24 25 27–31 33–35	26 539	Adjusted HR 1.06 (0.82 to 1.36)	0.676	25.50	0.004	60.8	0.085	Low (no benefit)
	724 25 27–29 31 33	31 723	Unadjusted IRR 1.23 (0.94 to 1.61)	0.133	26.67	<0.001	77.5	0.085
Ischemic stroke/TIA (fatal or nonfatal)	724 25 27 28 30 33 34	8584	Adjusted HR 0.91 (0.57 to 1.45)	0.698	23.55	0.001	74.5	0.260	Low (no benefit)
	724 25 27–29 31 33	31 723	Unadjusted IRR 1.16 (0.84 to 1.62)	0.370	29.33	<0.001	79.5	0.136
Safety outcomes
Haemorrhagic stroke (fatal or nonfatal)	524 25 29 33 34	21 262	Adjusted HR 1.60 (0.91 to 2.81)	0.100	11.26	0.024	64.5	0.231	Insufficient
	524 25 29 31 33	30 037	Unadjusted IRR 1.48 (0.92 to 2.36)	0.102	12.85	0.012	68.9	0.165
Major bleeding	724 25 27 29 31 33 34	23 178	Adjusted HR 1.35 (1.11 to 1.64)	0.003	14.75	0.022	59.3	0.031	Low (harm)
	724 25 27–29 31 33	31 723	Unadjusted IRR 1.22 (1.07 to 1.40)	0.003	12.39	0.054	51.6	0.013
Gastrointestinal bleeding	225 33	4843	Adjusted HR 1.10 (0.82 to 1.46)	0.527	1.47	0.225	32.0	0.014	Insufficient
	325 29 33	28 076	Unadjusted IRR 1.10 (0.93 to 1.31)	0.273	5.78	0.056	65.4	0.014

HR, hazard ratio; IRR, incidence rate ratio; RR, risk ratio; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.