STS clinical and non-clinical risk factors by sex
| Sex | Interaction with sex | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Male (n=9818, 73.7%) | Female (n=3509, 26.3%) | p Value* | p Value† |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age‡ | 64.0±10.2 | 65.9±10.9 | <0.003 | 0.889 |
| Body surface area‡ (m2) | 2.1±0.2 | 1.8±0.2 | <0.003 | 0.793 |
| Race | <0.003 | 0.797 | ||
| White | 79.5% | 74.5% | ||
| Black | 5.8% | 11.7% | ||
| Hispanic | 9.0% | 8.9% | ||
| Other/unknown | 5.7% | 4.9% | ||
| Risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 41.1% | 50.0% | <0.003 | 0.950 |
| Renal failure (dialysis) | 2.5% | 3.4% | 0.108 | 0.829 |
| Creatinine‡ (mg/dL) | 1.3±1.0 | 1.2±1.1 | <0.003 | 0.887 |
| Chronic lung disease | 13.7% | 18.3% | <0.003 | 0.316 |
| Hypertension | 85.5% | 89.6% | <0.003 | 0.739 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 11.7% | 18.4% | <0.003 | 0.173 |
| Time from last MI to surgery | 0.062 | 0.327 | ||
| None | 50.9% | 54.4% | ||
| ≤6 h | 1.3% | 1.5% | ||
| >6 and <24 h | 2.6% | 2.5% | ||
| ≥24 h | 45.2% | 41.7% | ||
| Tobacco use | >0.99 | 0.806 | ||
| Never | 72.7% | 73.7% | ||
| Previous | 21.1% | 20.4% | ||
| Current | 6.2% | 6.0% | ||
| Previous interventions | ||||
| Previous PCI | 30.3% | 27.9% | 0.150 | 0.481 |
| Previous CABG | 4.5% | 3.8% | >0.99 | 0.310 |
| Preoperative cardiac status | ||||
| Preoperative angina (w/in 2 weeks) | 24.4% | 24.1% | >0.99 | 0.882 |
| Preoperative atrial fibrillation (29% missing) | 9.4% | 8.4% | >0.99 | 0.962 |
| Haemodynamics and catheterisation | ||||
| Ejection fraction‡ (7% missing) | 49.6%±13.4% | 53.1%±13.0% | <0.003 | 0.680 |
| Left main disease | 32.5% | 32.3% | >0.99 | 0.119 |
| Operative | ||||
| Status | 0.042 | 0.885 | ||
| Elective | 50.4% | 47.3% | ||
| Non-elective | 49.7% | 52.7% | ||
| Bypass use§ | <0.003 | |||
| Off-pump CABG | 39.5% | 43.8% | NA§ | |
| On-pump CABG | 60.6% | 56.2% | ||
| Preoperative IABP | 10.9% | 10.6% | >0.99 | 0.004 Male OR (95% CI) =3.8 (2.7,5.2) Female OR (95% CI) =6.5 (4.4,9.6) |
| Unadjusted short-term mortality | 2.10% | 3.90% | <0.0001 | NA |
*p Values using Pearson χ2 and Bonferroni correction.
†p Values using Wald χ2.
‡Mean±SD with Wilcoxon signed sum-rank test for p value.
§Not included in the STS risk score; nor in our propensity-adjusted analysis.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not available; OR, odds ratio; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.