Table 2

Baseline characteristics

Variable	OPTIME (n=949)	SURVIVE (n=1327)	VERITAS (n=1435)	EVEREST (n=4133)	PROTECT (n=2033)	ASCEND-HF (n=7007)	RELAX-AHF (n=1161)	REVIVE I (n=100)	REVIVE II (n=600)	DOSE (n=308)	CARRESS (n=188)	ROSE (n=360)
Demographic
Mean age, years	66	67	70	66	70	67*	72	59	64	66	68*	70*
Female sex, %	29	28	40	26	32	34	38	23	27	27	25	27
White race, %	65	94	86	86	95	56	94	60	65	75	70	79
Black race, %	33	NK	8	8	NK	15	NK	NK	NK	25	30	21
Mean time from admission to randomisation, hours	15.3	NK	12.2	NK	NK	15.5*	7.9	NK	NK	14.6*	34*	24
Location, %
USA/Canada	100	0	22	30†	NK	45†	10	NK	NK	100	100	100
Non-USA/Canada	0	100	78	70	NK	55	90	NK	NK	0	0	0
Physiological measures (mean)
BMI (kg/m²)	NK	28	29	29	29	28*	29	NK	NK	NK	NK	31*
RR, bpm	NK	NK	26	NK	21	24*	22	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
HR, bpm	85	84	82	80	80	82*	80	84	82	78	NK	NK
Systolic BP, mm Hg	120	116	131	121	124	123*	142	115	116	120	NK	115*
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	71	70	72	73	74	74*	82	69	69	NK	NK	NK
Cardiac
Mean LVEF, %	24	24	27	28	32	30*	39	20	24	35	33*	33*
LVEF ≥40%, %	NK	NK	53	NK	NK	20	49	0	0	NK	NK	NK
Mean BNP, pg/mL	NK	1624	1673	NK	1016*	992*	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
Mean NT-proBNP, pg/mL	NK	NK	11692	4263	3000*	4463*	5064‡	NK	NK	7439	4510	5017*
Ischaemic aetiology of HF, %	51	76	68	65	NK	48	NK	NK	NK	57	61	58
Prior HF hospitalisation, %	NK	NK	NK	79	NK	39§	34§	NK	NK	74	77	67
Biochemistry (mean)
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL	11.4	NK	27.0	30.2	34.1	9.0*	27.2	NK	NK	37.5	49.6	36
Serum sodium, mEq/L	138	138	139	140	NK	139*	NK	NK	NK	138	NK	NK
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.2*	1.3	NK	NK	1.5	2.0	NK
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²	NK	NK	NK	NK	50.6 CC	NK	53.5	NK	NK	NK	NK	42*
Co-morbidity, %
History of HF	NK	88	73	NK	NK	39¶	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
Hypertension	68	63	79	71	79	72	87	NK	NK	NK	85	83
Myocardial infarction	48	68	52	51	49	35	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
Atrial fibrillation	32	48**	37	43	55	38**	52**	NK	NK	53	NK	60
Mitral regurgitation	47	63	12	32	NK	NK	31	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
PCI/CABG	18/31	NK	22	18/21	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
ICD	8	4	7	15	16	16	13	NK	NK	39	NK	43
Stroke	15	NK	16	11	NK	12	14	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK
Diabetes mellitus	44	32††	48	39	45	43	48	NK	NK	52	66	55
COPD/asthma	23/-	NK	19/-	10/-	20	16/-	16	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK

	OPTIME	SURVIVE	VERITAS	EVEREST	PROTECT	ASCEND-HF	RELAX-AHF	REVIVE I	REVIVE II	DOSE	CARRESS	ROSE
Pre-admission treatments, %
ACE-inhibitor/ARB	70/13	69	NK	NK	76	NK	NK	74	77	64	54	50
MRA	NK	53	NK	NK	44	NK	NK	35	37	28	20	30
β-blocker	22	50	NK	NK	76	NK	NK	44	69	83	79	82
Oral diuretic	90	NK	NK	NK	100	NK	NK	NK	NK	NK	94	94
Digoxin	73	NK	NK	NK	28	NK	NK	58	52	NK	NK	25
Treatment of acute episode, %
IV diuretic	NK	79	99	97	100	95	99	100	100	100	89	100
Inotropes/vasopressors	NK	NK	NK	NK	7	NK	NK	25	25	NK	15	34
Vasodilator	NK	NK	NK	NK	11	NK	NK	7	13	NK	8	33

*Values given are median.
†North America.
‡Geometric mean (units are in ng/L).
§Within the past year.
¶One year before admission.
**Atrial fibrillation or flutter.
††Type II diabetes mellitus.
‡‡One month before admission.
AHF, acute heart failure; HF, heart failure; IV, intravenous; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NK, not known.