Variable | OPTIME (n=949) | SURVIVE (n=1327) | VERITAS (n=1435) | EVEREST (n=4133) | PROTECT (n=2033) | ASCEND-HF (n=7007) | RELAX-AHF (n=1161) | REVIVE I (n=100) | REVIVE II (n=600) | DOSE (n=308) | CARRESS (n=188) | ROSE (n=360) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||||||||||
Mean age, years | 66 | 67 | 70 | 66 | 70 | 67* | 72 | 59 | 64 | 66 | 68* | 70* |
Female sex, % | 29 | 28 | 40 | 26 | 32 | 34 | 38 | 23 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 27 |
White race, % | 65 | 94 | 86 | 86 | 95 | 56 | 94 | 60 | 65 | 75 | 70 | 79 |
Black race, % | 33 | NK | 8 | 8 | NK | 15 | NK | NK | NK | 25 | 30 | 21 |
Mean time from admission to randomisation, hours | 15.3 | NK | 12.2 | NK | NK | 15.5* | 7.9 | NK | NK | 14.6* | 34* | 24 |
Location, % | ||||||||||||
USA/Canada | 100 | 0 | 22 | 30† | NK | 45† | 10 | NK | NK | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Non-USA/Canada | 0 | 100 | 78 | 70 | NK | 55 | 90 | NK | NK | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Physiological measures (mean) | ||||||||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | NK | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28* | 29 | NK | NK | NK | NK | 31* |
RR, bpm | NK | NK | 26 | NK | 21 | 24* | 22 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
HR, bpm | 85 | 84 | 82 | 80 | 80 | 82* | 80 | 84 | 82 | 78 | NK | NK |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 120 | 116 | 131 | 121 | 124 | 123* | 142 | 115 | 116 | 120 | NK | 115* |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 71 | 70 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 74* | 82 | 69 | 69 | NK | NK | NK |
Cardiac | ||||||||||||
Mean LVEF, % | 24 | 24 | 27 | 28 | 32 | 30* | 39 | 20 | 24 | 35 | 33* | 33* |
LVEF ≥40%, % | NK | NK | 53 | NK | NK | 20 | 49 | 0 | 0 | NK | NK | NK |
Mean BNP, pg/mL | NK | 1624 | 1673 | NK | 1016* | 992* | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
Mean NT-proBNP, pg/mL | NK | NK | 11692 | 4263 | 3000* | 4463* | 5064‡ | NK | NK | 7439 | 4510 | 5017* |
Ischaemic aetiology of HF, % | 51 | 76 | 68 | 65 | NK | 48 | NK | NK | NK | 57 | 61 | 58 |
Prior HF hospitalisation, % | NK | NK | NK | 79 | NK | 39§ | 34§ | NK | NK | 74 | 77 | 67 |
Biochemistry (mean) | ||||||||||||
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 11.4 | NK | 27.0 | 30.2 | 34.1 | 9.0* | 27.2 | NK | NK | 37.5 | 49.6 | 36 |
Serum sodium, mEq/L | 138 | 138 | 139 | 140 | NK | 139* | NK | NK | NK | 138 | NK | NK |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.2* | 1.3 | NK | NK | 1.5 | 2.0 | NK |
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | NK | NK | NK | NK | 50.6 CC | NK | 53.5 | NK | NK | NK | NK | 42* |
Co-morbidity, % | ||||||||||||
History of HF | NK | 88 | 73 | NK | NK | 39¶ | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
Hypertension | 68 | 63 | 79 | 71 | 79 | 72 | 87 | NK | NK | NK | 85 | 83 |
Myocardial infarction | 48 | 68 | 52 | 51 | 49 | 35 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
Atrial fibrillation | 32 | 48** | 37 | 43 | 55 | 38** | 52** | NK | NK | 53 | NK | 60 |
Mitral regurgitation | 47 | 63 | 12 | 32 | NK | NK | 31 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
PCI/CABG | 18/31 | NK | 22 | 18/21 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
ICD | 8 | 4 | 7 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 13 | NK | NK | 39 | NK | 43 |
Stroke | 15 | NK | 16 | 11 | NK | 12 | 14 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
Diabetes mellitus | 44 | 32†† | 48 | 39 | 45 | 43 | 48 | NK | NK | 52 | 66 | 55 |
COPD/asthma | 23/- | NK | 19/- | 10/- | 20 | 16/- | 16 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK |
OPTIME | SURVIVE | VERITAS | EVEREST | PROTECT | ASCEND-HF | RELAX-AHF | REVIVE I | REVIVE II | DOSE | CARRESS | ROSE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-admission treatments, % | ||||||||||||
ACE-inhibitor/ARB | 70/13 | 69 | NK | NK | 76 | NK | NK | 74 | 77 | 64 | 54 | 50 |
MRA | NK | 53 | NK | NK | 44 | NK | NK | 35 | 37 | 28 | 20 | 30 |
β-blocker | 22 | 50 | NK | NK | 76 | NK | NK | 44 | 69 | 83 | 79 | 82 |
Oral diuretic | 90 | NK | NK | NK | 100 | NK | NK | NK | NK | NK | 94 | 94 |
Digoxin | 73 | NK | NK | NK | 28 | NK | NK | 58 | 52 | NK | NK | 25 |
Treatment of acute episode, % | ||||||||||||
IV diuretic | NK | 79 | 99 | 97 | 100 | 95 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 89 | 100 |
Inotropes/vasopressors | NK | NK | NK | NK | 7 | NK | NK | 25 | 25 | NK | 15 | 34 |
Vasodilator | NK | NK | NK | NK | 11 | NK | NK | 7 | 13 | NK | 8 | 33 |
*Values given are median.
†North America.
‡Geometric mean (units are in ng/L).
§Within the past year.
¶One year before admission.
**Atrial fibrillation or flutter.
††Type II diabetes mellitus.
‡‡One month before admission.
AHF, acute heart failure; HF, heart failure; IV, intravenous; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NK, not known.