Baseline characteristics of consecutive patients eligible for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after heart valve surgery
| Total population (n=667) | Responders (n=500) | Non-responders (n=167) | p Value | CR group (n=277) | No CR group (n=223) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.4 (12.5) | 69.2 (12.0) | 66.0 (13.6) | <0.01 | 68.2 (11.9) | 70.5 (12.0) | 0.04 |
| Male | 423 (63.4) | 327 (65.4) | 96 (57.5) | 0.07 | 186 (67.2) | 141 (63.2) | 0.35 |
| Married | 411 (61.6) | 323 (64.6) | 88 (52.7) | <0.01 | 195 (70.4) | 128 (57.4) | 0.02 |
| Labour market attachment | |||||||
| Employed | 152 (22.8) | 116 (23.2) | 36 (21.6) | 65 (23.5) | 51 (22.9) | ||
| Unemployed | 14 (2.1) | 6 (1.2) | 8 (4.8) | <0.01 | 5 (1.8) | 1 (0.4) | 0.61 |
| Retired | 445 (69.7) | 344 (68.8) | 101 (60.5) | 191 (69.0) | 153 (68.6) | ||
| Educational level | |||||||
| Maximum of 9 school years | 277 (41.5) | 207 (41.4) | 70 (41.9) | 114 (41.2) | 93 (41.7) | ||
| High school, vocational training | 264 (39.6) | 200 (40.0) | 64 (38.3) | 0.09 | 112 (40.4) | 88 (39.5) | 0.70 |
| University degree | 103 (15.4) | 77 (15.4) | 26 (15.6) | 48 (17.3) | 29 (13.0) | ||
| Missing | 23 (3.4) | 16 (3.2) | 7 (4.2) | 3 (1.1) | 13 (5.8) | ||
| Annual income (€) | |||||||
| 0–20 000 | 295 (44.2) | 206 (41.2) | 89 (53.3) | 102 (36.8) | 104 (46.6) | ||
| 20 000 –30 000 | 209 (31.3) | 160 (32.0) | 49 (29.3) | <0.01 | 95 (34.3) | 65 (29.1) | 0.09 |
| ≥30 000 | 163 (24.4) | 134 (26.8) | 29 (17.4) | 80 (28.9) | 54 (24.2) | ||
| Type of surgery | |||||||
| Aortic valve | 519 (77.5) | 392 (78.4) | 127 (76.0) | 0.54 | 208 (75,1) | 184 (82.5) | 0.04 |
| Mitral valve | 159 (25.2) | 123 (24.6) | 36 (21.6) | 0.41 | 74 (26.7) | 49 (22.0) | 0.22 |
| Tricuspid valve | 10 (1.5) | 7 (1.4) | 3 (1.8) | 0.72 | 5 (1.8) | 2 (0.9) | 0.39 |
| Pulmonal valve | 11 (1.6) | 6 (1.2) | 5 (3.0) | 0.11 | 4 (1.4) | 2 (0.9) | 0.58 |
| Concomitant CABG | 203 (31.3) | 152 (30.4) | 51 (30.5) | 0.91 | 89 (32.1) | 63 (28.3) | 0.31 |
| Cardiac history | |||||||
| Previous heart valve surgery | 4 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0.92 | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 0.69 |
| Previous CABG | 20 (3.0) | 13 (2.6) | 7 (4.2) | 0.30 | 7 (2.5) | 6 (2.7) | 0.91 |
| Previous MI | 83 (12.4) | 51 (10.2) | 32 (19.2) | <0.01 | 29 (10.5) | 22 (9.9) | 0.78 |
| Heart failure | 136 (20.4) | 92 (18.4) | 44 (26.3) | 0.02 | 46 (16.6) | 46 (20.6) | 0.21 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 59 (8.8) | 43 (8.6) | 16 (9.6) | 0.71 | 28 (10.1) | 15 (6.7) | 0.17 |
| Arrhythmia | 226 (33.9) | 173 (34.6) | 53 (31.7) | 0.70 | 105 (37.9) | 68 (30.5) | 0.08 |
| Comorbidity | |||||||
| Renal Disease | 32 (4.8) | 23 (4.6) | 9 (5.4) | 0.74 | 15 (5.4) | 8 (3.6) | 0.74 |
| COPD | 68 (10.2) | 42 (8.4) | 26 (15.6) | <0.001 | 27 (9.7) | 15 (6.7) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 74 (11.1) | 53 (10.6) | 21 (12.6) | 0.53 | 26 (9.4) | 27 (12.1) | 0.32 |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | 1.0 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.6) | <0.01 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.92 |
Values are number of patients (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables.
p Values are derived from χ2 test for categorical variables and student's independent samples t test for continuous variables.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CR, cardiac rehabilitation; MI, myocardial infarction.