Heart failure rates/1000 person-years and adjusted HR for heart failure according to alcohol consumption in men with no pre-existing diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI) or heart failure
| Alcohol intake (drinks/week) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-drinker (N=344) | <1 (N=338) | 1–6 (N=1259) | 7–14 (N=712) | 15–34 (N=740) | ≥35 (N=137) | |
| Rates/1000 person-years (n) | 6.9 (21) | 7.9 (25) | 5.2 (64) | 5.0 (34) | 5.9 (42) | 9.4 (12) |
| Age-adjusted | 1.19 (0.71 to 1.92) | 1.54 (0.96 to 2.48) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.65 to 1.49) | 1.17 (0.80 to 1.73) | 2.04 (1.10 to 3.77) |
| Model 1 | 0.98 (0.59 to 1.63) | 1.43 (0.89 to 2.32) | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.43) | 1.15 (0.78 to 1.70) | 1.90 (1.02 to 3.54) |
| Model 2 | 1.01 (0.61 to 1.61) | 1.49 (0.92 to 2.32) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.63 to 1.45) | 1.19 (0.81 to 1.76) | 1.89 (1.01 to 3.52) |
| Model 3 | 0.97 (0.59 to 1.63) | 1.39 (0.86 to 2.25) | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.64 to 1.43) | 1.16 (0.78 to 1.71) | 1.91 (1.02 to 3.56) |
| Model 4 | 0.94 (0.57 to 1.58) | 1.44 (0.86 to 2.29) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.58 to 1.36) | 1.14 (0.76 to 1.67) | 1.80 (0.96 to 3.36) |
| Model 5 | 0.92 (0.55 to 1.56) | 1.28 (0.75 to 2.10) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.61 to 1.43) | 1.14 (0.76 to 1.69) | 1.43 (0.76 to 1.69) |
| Model 6 | 0.93 (0.55 to 1.57) | 1.38 (0.84 to 2.29) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.66 to 1.56) | 1.22 (0.82 to 2.82) | 1.56 (0.81 to 3.00) |
| Model 2 and exclusion of past heavy drinkers (>6 drinks/day) | 0.95 (0.57 to 1.58) | 1.38 (0.85 to 2.24) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.65 to 1.51) | 1.15 (0.76 to 1.74) | 1.83 (0.98 to 3.40) |
Model 1: adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, social class, prevalent stroke, diabetes and angina.
Model 2: Model 1+left ventricular hypertrophy, antihypertensive drugs and systolic blood pressure.
Model 3: Model 2+atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction.
Model 4: Model 3+forced expiratory volume in 1 s.
Model 5: Model 4+N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).
Model 6: Model 5+incident MI.