Diabetes (n=133) | No diabetes (n=104) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical and anthropological characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 54±10 | 50±12 | 0.005 |
Male | 90 (68%) | 59 (57%) | 0.084 |
Height (cm) | 168±9 | 167±14 | 0.689 |
Weight (kg) | 91±21 | 77±17 | <0.001 |
Body surface area (m2) | 2.04±0.27 | 1.90±0.26 | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32±7 | 28±14 | 0.0061 |
Smoking (n (%)) | 22 (17%) | 18 (17%) | 0.876 |
Hypertension (n (%)) | 93 (70%) | 34 (33%) | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia (n (%)) | 106 (80%) | 39 (38%) | <0.001 |
Family history CAD (n (%)) | 35 (26%) | 34 (33%) | 0.284 |
Antiplatelet agent (n (%)) | 50 (38%) | 16 (15%) | <0.001 |
β-blocker (n (%)) | 24 (18%) | 8 (8%) | 0.021 |
Calcium channel blocker (n (%)) | 24 (18%) | 4 (4%) | 0.001 |
ACE inhibitor (n (%)) | 53 (40%) | 3 (3%) | <0.001 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (n (%)) | 43 (32%) | 14 (13%) | 0.001 |
Diuretics (n (%)) | 22 (17%) | 8 (8%) | 0.042 |
Statin (n (%)) | 86 (63%) | 31 (30%) | <0.001 |
MRC dyspnoea grade | <0.001 | ||
1 | 43 (32%) | 67 (65%) | |
2 | 68 (51%) | 31 (30%) | |
3 | 14 (11%) | 3 (3%) | |
4 | 8 (6%) | 2 (2%) | |
5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Resting LV parameters | |||
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 35±24 | 39±11 | 0.233 |
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 10±6 | 14±7 | <0.001 |
Resting LV ejection fraction (%) | 70±10 | 66±9 | <0.001 |
Septal s′ (cm/s) | 7.0±1.6 | 7.4±1.5 | 0.056 |
Septal e′ (cm/s) | 7.0±2.0 | 8.9±2.7 | <0.001 |
Septal E/e′ | 10.5±4.6 | 8.2±2.5 | <0.001 |
Lateral E/e′ | 8.6±4.5 | 7.0±2.9 | 0.012 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 80±20 | 82±20 | 0.447 |
Resting left atrial parameters | |||
Maximum LA volume index (mL/m2) | 29±7 | 28±8 | 0.220 |
Post-exercise echocardiographic parameters | |||
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 80±28 | 79±27 | 0.879 |
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 22±15 | 22±12 | 0.931 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 74±10 | 73±9 | 0.477 |
Septal s′ (cm/s) | 11.5±3.3 | 12.8±3.5 | 0.006 |
Septal e′ (cm/s) | 8.0±2.4 | 11.3±3.3 | <0.001 |
Δe′ (cm/s) | 1.0±1.9 | 2.4±2.8 | <0.001 |
Septal E/e′ | 12.6±4.7 | 8.2±2.5 | <0.001 |
Δ Septal E/e′ | 2.12±3.4 | 0.04±2.0 | <0.001 |
Septal a′ (cm/s) | 13.3±3.3 | 14.1±3.5 | 0.051 |
Exercise parameters | |||
METs | 8.5±2.8 | 11.1±3.5 | <0.001 |
Peak heart rate (bpm) | 147±24 | 160±19 | <0.001 |
Peak systolic blood pressure (bpm) | 168±23 | 165±24 | 0.331 |
Peak diastolic blood pressure (bpm) | 70±12 | 73±12 | 0.050 |
CAD, coronary artery disease; LV, left ventricle; MET, MRC, Medical Research Council.