Complications
| Access-related, n (%) | Lead-related, n (%) | Generator-related, n (%) | Infection, n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | All events, n (%) | Total | Pneumothorax | Haematoma | Total | Displacement | |||
| Calkins et al23 | 71 | 2 (2.8) | 1 (1.4) | – | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | – | 0 |
| Deisenhofer et al24 | 92 | 10 (10.9) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 8 (8.7) | – | – | 0 |
| Kron et al8 | 539 | 68 (12.6) | 16 (3.0) | 6 (1.1) | 8 (1.5) | 31 (5.8) | 11 (2.0) | 7 (1.3) | 14 (2.6) |
| Bänsch et al25 | 50 | 14 (28) | 2 (4.0) | – | 2 (4.0) | 10 (20.0) | 9 (18) | – | 2 (4.0) |
| Moss et al26 | 742 | 18 (2.4) | – | – | – | 13 (1.8) | – | – | 5 (0.7) |
| Vollman et al27 | 542 | 64 (11.8) | – | – | – | 45 (8.3) | 8 (1.5) | – | – |
| Bänsch et al28 | 102 | 20 (19.6) | – | – | – | 20 (19.6) | 9 (8.8) | – | – |
| Bokhari et al29 | 60 | 21 (35) | – | – | – | 18 (30) | 2 (3.3) | – | 3 (5.0) |
| Hohnloser et al30 | 310 | 25 (8.1) | – | – | – | 7 (2.3) | – | – | – |
| Kadish et al11 | 229 | 13 (5.7) | 5 (2.2) | 1 (0.4) | – | – | – | – | 1 (0.4) |
| Bänsch et al31 | 190 | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | – | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | – | – |
| Reddy et al32 | 128 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Almendral et al10 | 334 | 30 (9.0) | 11 (3.3) | 4 (1.2) | 4 (1.2) | 15 (4.5) | 13 (3.9) | – | 4 (1.2) |
| Russo et al33 | 1530 | 71 (4.6) | 15 (1.0) | – | 15 (1.0) | 33 (2.2) | 23 (1.5) | 38 (2.5) | – |
| Steinbeck et al7 | 415 | 76 (18.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Kuck et al34 | 107 | 15 (14.0) | – | – | – | 6 (5.6) | 4 (3.7) | 7 (6.5) | 1 (0.9) |
| Varma et al35 | 1339 | 81 (6.0) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cheng et al36 | 16 | 1 (6.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Event rate, % (95% CI) | 9.1 (6.4 to 12.6) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.3) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.8) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 5.8 (3.3 to 9.8) | 3.1 (1.7 to 5.8) | 2.7 (1.3 to 5.7) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.6) | |