Health-related quality of life results
| Trial first author (year) | Follow-up | Measure | Outcome values (or change from baseline) at follow-up Mean (SD) Control versus exercise, between group p value | Between-group difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austin (2005) | 6 months | MLWHF | ||
| Physical | 20.4 (12.2) vs 12.6 (9.7) p<0.0001* | Exercise>control | ||
| Emotional | 8.0 (7.1) vs 4.4 (10.4) p<0.01* | Exercise>control | ||
| Total | 36.9 (24.0) vs 22.9 (17.8) p<0.001* | Exercise>control | ||
| EQ-5D | 0.58 (0.19) vs 0.70 (0.16) p<0.0001* | Exercise>control | ||
| 5 years | MLWHF | |||
| Physical | 19.3 (23.5) vs 18.3 (11.2) p=0.66* | Exercise=control | ||
| Emotional | 7.6 (7.1) vs 7.4 (6.5) p=0.88* | Exercise=control | ||
| Total | 37.1 (24.9) vs 35.5 (21.7) p=0.72* | Exercise=control | ||
| EQ-5D | 0.58 (0.22) vs 0.64 (0.19) p=0.12* | Exercise=control | ||
| Bellardinelli (1999) | 15 months | MLWHF total | 52 (20) vs 39 (20) p<0.001 | Exercise>control |
| 29 months | 54 (22) vs 44 (21) p<0.001 | Exercise>control | ||
| DANREHAB (2008) | 12 months | SF-36 | ||
| PCS | 37.4 (11.4) vs 42.7 (9.1)* p=0.14 | Exercise=control | ||
| MCS | 50.5 (10.0) vs 49.7 (8.8)* p=0.81 | Exercise=control | ||
| Davidson (2010) | 12 months | MLWHF total | 56.4 (18.3) vs 52.9 (15.7) p=0.33 | Exercise=control |
| Dracup (2007) | 6 months | MLWHF | ||
| Physical | 19.4 (11.5) vs 16.1 (10.0) p=0.04* | Exercise>control | ||
| Emotional | 10.5 (7.4) vs 7.8 (6.6) p=0.01* | Exercise>control | ||
| Total | 43.2 (26.5) vs 35.7 (23.7) p=0.05 | Exercise>control | ||
| Gary (2010) Comp | 6 months | MLWHF total | 34.3 (23.6) vs 24.2 (16.3) p=0.18* | Exercise=control |
| Gary (2010) Exer | 6 months | MLWHF total | 28.9 (29.9) vs 25.6 (19.7) p=0.71* | Exercise=control |
| Gottlieb (1999) | 6 months | MLWHF | ||
| Total | NR (NR) vs 22 (20) NR | NR | ||
| MOS | ||||
| PF | NR (NR) vs 68 (28) NR | NR | ||
| RL | NR (NR) vs 50 (42) NR | NR | ||
| GH | NR (NR) vs 361 (224) NR | NR | ||
| HF-ACTION (2009) | 3 months | KCCQ+ | 5.21 (95% CI 4.42 to 6.00) vs 3.28 (2.48 to 4.09) p<0.001 | Exercise>control |
| Jolly (2009) | 6 months | MLWHF total | 34.5 (24.0) vs 36.3 (24.1) p=0.30 | Exercise=control |
| EQ-5D | 0.62 (0.32) vs 0.66 (0.24) p=0.004 | Exercise>control | ||
| MLWHF total | 34.9 (24.8) vs 37.6 (21.0) p=0.80 | Exercise=control | ||
| 12 months | EQ-5D | 0.69 (0.28) vs 0.68 (0.21) p=0.07 | Exercise=control | |
| Jónsdóttir (2006) | 6 months | Icelandic quality of life questionnaire | 4.10 (14.04) vs 47.55 (8.7) p=0.34 | Exercise=control |
| Klocek (2005) | 6.5 months | PGWB total | 99.0 vs 109.0 (training grp constant) vs 71.7 (training grp progressive) p<0.01 | Exercise>control |
| Koukouvou (2004) | 6 months | MLWHF total | 34.1 (13.0) vs 45.1 (9.9) p=0.05* | Exercise>control |
| Spritzer QLI total | 7.1 (1.1) vs 9.1 (1.1) p<0.0001* | Exercise>control | ||
| McKelvie (2002) | 12 months | MLWHF total+ | −3.3 (13.9) vs −3.4 (18.1) p=0.98 | Exercise=control |
| Nilsson (2008) | 12 months | MLWHF total | 28 (20) vs 22 (12) p=0.003 | Exercise>control |
| Norman (2012) | 6 months | KCCQ | 77.9 (11.6) vs 81.0 (18.2) p=0.78 | Exercise=control |
| Passino (2006) | 9.75 months | MLWHF total | 53 (32) vs 32 (26.5) p<0.0001* | Exercise>control |
| Willenheimer (2001) | 10 months | PGAQoL | 0 (1) 0.7 vs (0.9) p=0.023 | Exercise>control |
| Witham (2005) | 6 months | GCHFQ | 69 (13) vs 65 (10) p=0.48 | Exercise=control |
| Yeh (2011) | 12 months | MLWHF total | 18 (6) vs 13 (4) p<0.0001 | Exercise>control |
Exercise=control: no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in HRQoL between exercise and control groups at follow-up.
Exercise>control: statistically significant (p≤0.05) higher HRQoL in exercise compared with control group at follow-up.
Exercise<control: statistically significant (p≤0.05) lower HRQoL in exercise versus control group at follow-up.
*p Values calculated by authors of this paper;+: change in outcome from baseline.
comp, comprehensive cardiac rehabilitattion; exer, exercise only cardiac rehabilitation; EQ-5D, EuroQoL; GCHFQ, Guyatt Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire; GF, general health; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; MCS, Mental Component Score; MLWHF, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire; NR, not reported; PCS, Physical Component Score; PF, physical functioning; PGAQoL, Patient’s Global Assessment of Quality of Life; PGWB, Psychological General Wellbeing Index; QLI, quality of life index; RL: role limitation; SF-36, Short-Form 36.