Characteristics of patients undergoing LVAD implantation, 2004–2011
| 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | p Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients undergoing LVAD, n | 107 | 181 | 133 | 185 | 206 | 295 | 433 | 612 | <0.0001 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 71.2 (4.2) | 70.9 (4.1) | 71.4 (4.5) | 71.2 (4.4) | 70.5 (4.0) | 70.5 (4.2) | 70.8 (4.0) | 71.1 (4.4) | 0.3128 |
| Female, n (%) | 26 (24.3) | 45 (24.9) | 27 (20.3) | 32 (17.3) | 42 (20.4) | 35 (11.9) | 59 (13.6) | 95 (15.5) | <0.0001 |
| White, n (%) | 96 (89.7) | 156 (86.2) | 111 (83.5) | 154 (83.2) | 182 (88.3) | 255 (86.4) | 383 (88.5) | 536 (87.6) | 0.7265 |
| Black, n (%) | 6 (5.6) | 13 (7.2) | 14 (10.5) | 18 (9.7) | 15 (7.3) | 24 (8.1) | 34 (7.9) | 47 (7.7) | |
| Other†, n (%) | 5 (4.7) | 12 (6.6) | 8 (6.0) | 13 (7.0) | 9 (4.4) | 16 (5.4) | 16 (3.7) | 29 (4.7) | |
| Cardiovascular conditions and risk factors | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 77 (72.0) | 107 (59.1) | 79 (59.4) | 110 (59.5) | 145 (70.4) | 210 (71.2) | 300 (69.3) | 427 (69.8) | 0.0172 |
| Prior heart failure, n (%) | 57 (53.3) | 106 (58.6) | 77 (57.9) | 120 (64.9) | 144 (69.9) | 219 (74.2) | 330 (76.2) | 478 (78.1) | <0.0001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 7 (6.5) | 22 (12.2) | 11 (8.3) | 18 (9.7) | 22 (10.7) | 29 (9.8) | 40 (9.2) | 58 (9.5) | 0.9912 |
| Unstable angina, n (%) | 7 (6.5) | 11 (6.1) | 5 (3.8) | 7 (3.8) | 17 (8.3) | 23 (7.8) | 20 (4.6) | 50 (8.2) | 0.9889 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 12 (11.2) | 15 (8.3) | 14 (10.5) | 20 (10.8) | 24 (11.7) | 39 (13.2) | 49 (11.3) | 65 (10.6) | 0.3024 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 54 (50.5) | 79 (43.6) | 42 (31.6) | 76 (41.1) | 107 (51.9) | 160 (54.2) | 242 (55.9) | 354 (57.8) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 33 (30.8) | 59 (32.6) | 34 (25.6) | 53 (28.6) | 68 (33.0) | 106 (35.9) | 164 (37.9) | 234 (38.2) | 0.0126 |
| Geriatric conditions | |||||||||
| Malnutrition, n (%) | 4 (3.7) | 25 (13.8) | 12 (9.0) | 31 (16.8) | 31 (15.0) | 63 (21.4) | 100 (23.1) | 161 (26.3) | <0.0001 |
| Other conditions | |||||||||
| COPD, n (%) | 24 (22.4) | 48 (26.5) | 31 (23.3) | 53 (28.6) | 51 (24.8) | 66 (22.4) | 83 (19.2) | 129 (21.1) | 0.0559 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 11 (10.3) | 32 (17.7) | 12 (9.0) | 38 (20.5) | 40 (19.4) | 60 (20.3) | 83 (19.2) | 139 (22.7) | 0.0176 |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 9 (8.4) | 23 (12.7) | 14 (10.5) | 33 (17.8) | 43 (20.9) | 59 (20.0) | 72 (16.6) | 144 (23.5) | 0.0056 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 19 (17.8) | 47 (26.0) | 51 (38.3) | 66 (35.7) | 88 (42.7) | 142 (48.1) | 220 (50.8) | 332 (54.2) | <0.0001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 5 (4.7) | 11 (6.1) | 9 (6.8) | 12 (6.5) | 10 (4.9) | 17 (5.8) | 26 (6.0) | 43 (7.0) | 0.9452 |
| Trauma in past year, n (%) | 6 (5.6) | 7 (3.9) | 5 (3.8) | 9 (4.9) | 13 (6.3) | 16 (5.4) | 25 (5.8) | 28 (4.6) | 0.3648 |
*p Value based on Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test.
†Includes Asian, Hispanic, North American Native or other not specified.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVAD, left ventricular assist device.